鲍里斯沙茨(Boris Schatz)
艺术家: 鲍里斯沙茨
生于: 1866年12月23日；立陶宛瓦尔尼艾
卒于: 1932；丹佛，美国
国籍: 以色列,以色列,立陶宛
流派: 新古典主义,印象派
领域: 绘画,雕塑
机构: 维尔纽斯艺术学院，维尔纽斯，立陶宛
< > Boris Schatz < /B >（什洛莫-扎尔曼多夫巴鲁克）1866出生于立陶宛，有一个犹太教谱系的宗教家庭。由于他的特殊才能，他打算继续家庭王朝，并被送往维尔纳学习在耶希瓦（Talmudic学院）。但鲍里斯很好奇，渴望体验，宗教研究不适合他。[自传]：“我尽量不去想那些使人有罪的事情，但它们仍然潜入我的脑海……从那时起，我开始画和爱人类肖像画，我发现今天也是艺术最有趣的材料……”他搬到了他开始的华沙。他作为一个艺术家的生活，创造了他的第一个雕塑“亨德尔”，它延续了犹太小贩的生活。
1889，他娶了他的第一任妻子珍妮，一起去了巴黎。Schatz与雕塑家Mark Antokolski一起学习，同时在科尔摩斯学院学习绘画。他靠零工谋生，也从事拳击和摔跤。1894年，他创作了著名的雕塑作品“Mattithyahu HaHashmonai”，并开始获得艺术家的认可。继费迪南王子邀请他成为保加利亚王国的宫廷雕塑家之后，鲍里斯把他的住所迁到了保加利亚，并在苏菲建立了皇家艺术学院。在移居保加利亚后，他的婚姻生活以离婚告终，与妻子珍妮及其女儿安吉拉离婚。他解除婚姻的失望加速了他从保加利亚撤军。1903年，他遇见了宾亚明·泽夫·赫策尔，向他提出了建立塔木迪克工艺美术学院的想法，该学院将以耶胡达部落的贝扎勒尔·本·乌里·本·胡尔（圣经中提到的第一位艺术家）的名字命名。在巴塞尔举行的第七届犹太复国主义大会上接受了成立这个机构的决定。1906年，Boris Schatz抵达以色列，成立了“Bezalel”，开始与织物和地毯部门合作。银器设计部、铜器制作部、柳条家具部、平版印刷部等逐步增加，共计30个不同的工艺品。在某个时候，他们创作了种类繁多的作品，可以陈列在展览品中，还可以在学校里开一个小博物馆。这个博物馆成为以色列博物馆的基础。1909年，鲍里斯·沙茨开始在世界各地举办“贝扎莱尔”展览，用于商业和宣传目的，以便获得愿意购买学校产品的支持者和捐助者，并以这种方式为学校的发展作出贡献。学校兴旺发达，社会生活和艺术作品也在其中产生，思想也是复兴以色列希伯来文化的奠基石。1911年，他娶了比他小15岁的艺术评论家奥尔加·帕夫兹纳博士。一年后，他们的第一个儿子出生了，Bezalel Schatz，四年后，他们的女儿Zohara Schatz出生了。在第一次世界大战期间，“贝萨莱尔”学校第一次被土耳其人关闭。Schatz教授被捕并被驱逐出境，先是去了叙利亚，然后又去了泽法。战后学校重新开学，这所学校遇到了极大的经济困难。Boris Schatz于1932在美国科罗拉多去世，当时正在为“贝扎莱尔”募捐。
Artist :Boris Schatz
Additional Name :Shlomo Zalman Dov Boris
Born : Varniai, Lithuania
Died : Denver, United States
Nationality :Jewish,Israeli,Lithuanian
Art Movement :Neoclassicism,Impressionism
Field :painting,sculpture
Art institution :Vilnius Academy of Arts, Vilnius, Lithuania
Boris Schatz (Shlomo – Zalman Dov Baruch) was born in Lithuania in 1866 to a religious family with a rabbinical lineage. With his special talents he was meant to continue the family dynasty and was sent to Vilna to study in yeshiva (Talmudic college). But Boris was quizzical and had a desire for experience, and religious studies were not suitable for him. [From the autobiography: “…as much as I tried not to think about things that cause one to sin, they still crept into my mind… from that time on I began drawing and loving human portraits, in which I find also today the most interesting material for art…”] He moved to Warsaw where he began his life as an artist and created his first sculpture “Hendel” which perpetuates the Jewish peddler.
In 1889 he married Jennie, his first wife, and together they went to Paris. Schatz studied with the sculptor Mark Antokolski, and at the same time studied painting in the Cormorn Academy. He earned a living through random jobs and also engaged in boxing and wrestling. In 1894 he sculpted his famous sculpture “Mattithyahu HaHashmonai” and started gaining recognition as an artist.Following Prince Ferdinand inviting him to be the court sculptor of the Bulgarian Kingdom, Boris transferred his residence to Bulgaria and founded the Royal Academy of Art in Sofia. After the move to Bulgaria his marital life ended in divorce and separation from his wife Jennie and their daughter Angela. The disappointment from the dissolution of his marriage accelerated his uprooting from Bulgaria. In 1903 he met Binyamin Zeev Hertzel and presented him with the idea of founding a Talmudic college for art-crafts, that would be called “Bezalel” after Bezalel Ben Uri Ben Hur, from the tribe of Yehuda (the first artist mentioned in the bible). The decision to found this establishment was accepted in the Seventh Zionist Congress in Basil.In 1906 Boris Schatz arrived in Israel and founded “Bezalel” which began operating with a fabrics and carpets department. Departments for silver design, brass work, wicker furniture, lithographs and others were gradually added, 30 different handicrafts in total. At a certain point such a broad variety of works were made that they could be displayed in exhibits, and a small museum could be opened in the school. This museum became the basis for the Israel Museum.In 1909 Boris Shatz began presenting “Bezalel” exhibits all over the world for commercial and publicity purposes in order to acquire supporters and donors who would buy the schools products and in that fashion contribute to its development. The school prospered, social life and art works were created in it, as were ideas that served as a founding stone for the revival of a renewing Hebrew culture in Israel.In 1911 he married Dr. Olga Pavzner, an art critic 15 years younger than him. A year later their first son was born, Bezalel Schatz, and four years later their daughter Zohara Schatz was born. The “Bezalel” school was closed down by the Turks for the first time during the First World War. Professor Schatz was arrested and deported, at first to Syria and then to Zephath.With its reopening after the war the school encountered extreme economic difficulties. Boris Schatz died in 1932 in Colorado, USA while journeying to collect donations for “Bezalel”.
