尼古拉斯·普桑(Nicolas Poussin)
艺术家: 尼古拉斯·普桑
生于: 1594年6月15日；法国莱桑德利
卒于: 1665年11月19日；意大利罗马
国籍: 法国
流派: 巴洛克
领域: 绘画
受影响: 拉斐尔,彼得罗·达·科尔托纳,提香·韦切利奥,纪多·雷尼
影响: 雅克-路易·大卫,让·奥古斯特·多米尼克·安格尔,保罗·塞尚,塞巴斯蒂安·布尔东,乔治·修拉,巴勃罗·毕加索,乔治·勃拉克,Jean Hugo,让-弗朗索瓦·米勒,卡米耶·柯罗,罗莎·博纳尔,约瑟夫·安东·科赫
老师: Georges Lallemand
朋友: 雅克斯·特拉,克劳德·洛兰
法国古典画家普桑自十七世纪以来一直为无数伟大艺术家提供灵感。在18岁的时候，Poussin从家乡法国的诺曼底逃到巴黎，开始学习佛兰芒画家费迪南Ele和George Lallemand的工作室，后者后来成为伟大的普桑的老师。在他10岁的时候，他去了罗马，在那里他得到了两个主要的委员会，即Germanicus的死和Saint Erasmus的殉道，后者被公开亮相，尽管这是他最后一次从教堂获得一个公共委员会。在他首次公开亮相后，普桑病得很重，被带到他的朋友Jacques Dughet的家里，他的女儿让他恢复了健康。第二年，普桑和Dughet的女儿Anna Maria结婚了。在罗马期间，普森会见了许多其他艺术家，并和像他一样具有古典主义倾向的人交朋友，最终形成了一个由艺术家和赞助人组成的非正式的学院，他们都反对霸道的巴洛克风格。在他上次受教会委托后，普森的作品只靠私人赞助才得以完成，于是在1640年，他回到法国，被路易八世聘为宫廷画家，路易八世授予他普通画家的头衔。虽然他在法国期间完成了许多作品，但是他对法国的社会阴谋感到厌恶，因此他退回到罗马，在那里他继续每年完成许多不同的作品。普森晚年身体衰退，手部发抖，这可能影响了他的绘画能力。在他死后，除了他的妻子的兄弟，他作为儿子的继承人，并拿走了普桑的名字，他没有留下任何继承人。路易十四死后，他收藏了大量的作品，其中许多现在都挂在卢浮宫上，卢浮宫有一整座画廊专门展出普森的作品。
Artist :Nicolas Poussin
Additional Name :Nicolas Poussin
Born : Les Andelys, France
Died : Rome, Italy
Nationality :French
Art Movement :Baroque
Influenced by :raphael,pietro-da-cortona,titian,guido-reni
Influenced on :jacques-louis-david,jean-auguste-dominique-ingres,paul-cezanne,sebastien-bourdon,georges-seurat,pablo-picasso,georges-braque,jean-hugo,jean-francois-millet,camille-corot,rosa-bonheur,joseph-anton-koch
Teachers :georges-lallemand
Friends and Co-workers :jacques-stella,claude-lorrain
A French classical painter, Nicolas Poussin has been an inspiration for countless number of great artists since the 17th century. At the age of 18, Poussin ran away from his hometown in Normandy, France, to Paris and began studying in the studios of the Flemish painters Ferdinand Elle and George Lallemand, who later became famous as the teachers of the great Nicolas Poussin. At the age of 10, he traveled to Rome, where he received two major commissions, Death of Germanicus and the Martyrdom of Saint Erasmus, the latter of which was publicly debuted, although it marked the last time he was to receive a public commission from the church.
After his first public debut, Poussin fell seriously ill, and was taken to the house of his friend, Jacques Dughet, whose daughter nursed him back to health. The next year, Poussin and Dughet’s daughter, Anna Maria, were married. While in Rome, Poussin met with many other artists, and befriended those with classical leanings, like himself, eventually forming an informal academy of artists and patrons, all opposed to the overbearing Baroque style. After his last church commission, Poussin relied solely on the private patronage for his works, and so in 1640, returned to France an was hired as s court painter by Louix VIII, who gave him the title of First Painter in Ordinary. Although he completed many works during his stay in France, he grew disgusted with French social intrigue, and so he withdrew back to Rome, where he continued to complete a great number of varied works each year.
In his later life, Poussin suffered declining health and a tremor in his hand, which may have affected his painting ability. Upon his death, he left no heirs, except for his wife’s brother, whom he adopted as a son, and who took the Poussin name. After his death, King Louis XIV amasses a huge amount of his works, many of which now hang on the Louvre, which has an entire gallery dedicated to just Poussin’s works.
