伦勃朗(Rembrandt)
艺术家: 伦勃朗
生于: 1606年7月15日；荷兰莱顿
卒于: 1669年10月04日；荷兰阿姆斯特丹
国籍: 荷兰
流派: 巴洛克
领域: 绘画,版画
受影响: 彼得·保罗·鲁本斯,卡拉瓦乔,提香·韦切利奥,Caravaggisti
影响: Carel Fabritius,乔万尼·巴蒂斯塔·提埃波罗,古斯塔夫·库尔贝,Chaim Soutine,弗朗西斯·培根,列宾,安德烈亚·曼特尼亚,Peredvizhniki (Society for Traveling Art Exhibitions),费迪南德·波尔,Piotr Micha?owski
伦勃朗·范·里根被认为是欧洲艺术史上最伟大的画家，是荷兰黄金时代的荷兰画家和蚀刻家。作为一个孩子，他有绘画的倾向，在当地历史画家的学徒生涯中度过了三年。在与画家Jan Pieter Lastman进行了六个月的学徒生涯后，他开设了自己的工作室。他在二十一岁高龄的时候开始在艺术工作室拍摄艺术生。1631年，伦勃朗移居阿姆斯特丹，当时阿姆斯特丹正在迅速扩张，他成功地画出了个人肖像。1634，他娶了他的妻子Saskia van Uylenberg，并在同一年开始在阿姆斯特丹的艺术生。尽管他的公众生活正轨，他的私生活却在恶化。他的妻子Saskia在1635岁时生下了第一个孩子，一个男孩，但他在两个月大的时候就去世了。他们的第二个孩子，一个女孩，在三个星期大的时候去世了。他们的第三个孩子，另一个女孩，在她一个月大之前就去世了。只有他们的第四个孩子Titus才能长大成人。Saskia在Titus出生后就去世了，可能是因为消费。伦勃朗虽然过着富裕的生活，但他的生活却远远超出了他的能力。他有一大笔抵押贷款，把钱花在艺术、版画和稀有物品上，1656年才通过出售他的许多画作和收藏的古董避免了破产。然而，不幸的是，他的收藏品的销售价格令人失望，他被迫卖掉房子和打印机，搬到一个比较温和的地方。伦勃朗比他的儿子Titus和他的普通法妻子Hendrickje长寿，他有一个女儿科妮莉亚，并于1669去世。他被埋葬在一个没有标志的坟墓里。由于伦勃朗让学生抄袭自己作品的做法，以及艺术家进行的许多文体演变和风格实验，以及作品的不良修复，使得伦勃朗作品的归属非常困难。许多艺术历史学家不同意他的作品是否是真的。有这么多猜测，可能永远不会有共识。艺术历史学家推测，伦勃朗可能患有立体盲，只有一只眼睛工作。这将进一步受益于他的绘画风格，通过压平他的感知，以便把它画在画布上。
Artist :Rembrandt
Additional Name :Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn
Born : Leiden, Netherlands
Died : Amsterdam, Netherlands
Nationality :Dutch
Art Movement :Baroque
Field :painting,printmaking
Influenced by :peter-paul-rubens,caravaggio,titian,artists-by-painting-school/caravaggisti
Influenced on :carel-fabritius,giovanni-battista-tiepolo,gustave-courbet,chaim-soutine,francis-bacon,ilya-repin,andrea-mantegna,artists-by-painting-school/peredvizhniki-society-for-traveling-art-exhibitions,ferdinand-bol,piotr-michalowski
Considered the greatest painter in all of European Art, Rembrandt van Rijn was a Dutch painter and etcher of the Dutch Golden Age. As a child, he had an inclination towards painting, and spent three years under the apprenticeship of a local history painter. After another six month apprenticeship with painter Jan Pieter Lastman, he opened his own studio. He began taking art students at his studio at the ripe old age of twenty-one years old.
In 1631, Rembrandt moved to Amsterdam, which at the time was rapidly expanding, and had great success painting personal portraits. In 1634 he married his wife, Saskia van Uylenberg, and in the same year began taking art students in Amsterdam. Although his public life was on track, his private life was deteriorating. His wife Saskia had their first child, a boy, in 1635, but he died at two months of age. Their second child, a girl, died at three weeks of age. Their third child, another girl, died before she was a month old. It was only their fourth child, Titus, who would live into adulthood. Saskia herself died after Titus’ birth, possibly from consumption.
Although he lived an affluent lifestyle, Rembrandt lived far beyond his means. He had a large mortgage, and spent money on art, prints, and rarities, and avoided bankruptcy in 1656 only by selling many of his paintings and his collections of antiquities. Unfortunately, however, the sales price of his collection was disappointing, and he was forced to sell his house and printing press and move to a more modest location. Rembrandt outlived both his son Titus and his common-law wife Hendrickje, with whom he had a daughter Cornelia, and died in 1669. He was buried in an unmarked grave.
Due to Rembrandt’s practice of having his students copy his own work, and many stylistic evolutions and style experiments done by the artist, as well as bad restorations of his works, the attribution of Rembrandt’s works is very difficult. Many art historians disagree as to whether or not many of his works are true Rembrants. There is so much conjecture that there may never be a consensus. There is also conjecture by art historians that Rembrandt may have had stereo blindness, causing only one of his eyes to work. This would have further benefited his painting style by flattening out his perception in order to paint it on the canvas.
