巴托洛梅·埃斯特万·穆立罗(Bartolome Esteban Murillo)
艺术家: 巴托洛梅·埃斯特万·穆立罗
生于: 1617年12月31日；西班牙塞维利亚
卒于: 1682年4月03日；西班牙塞维利亚
国籍: 西班牙
流派: 巴洛克
领域: 绘画,绘画
巴托罗姆·埃斯特班·穆里洛是当代最受欢迎的艺术家之一，他是西班牙巴洛克风格的画家，以宗教作品和现实主义描绘他那个时代的日常生活而闻名。他的早期作品受到画家祖巴兰、贾斯佩·德·里贝拉和阿隆索·卡诺的影响，他们都持有一种写实主义的绘画方法，一种由穆里洛改编的技术。他的作品以写实主义和淡写实主义为特征，或者以明暗对比为特征，他把明暗对比结合起来，使柔和的形式充满了丰富的色彩。他后来的作品逐渐演变成一种优雅的风格，迎合了当时资产阶级和贵族的口味，并为他们获得了许多佣金。他还从方济各派的宗教教团以及塞维利亚和安达卢西亚的兄弟会那里得到了许多重要的委任。因此，使他获得最大成功的主题是宗教，是童贞和儿童，以及完美无暇的概念。在他有生之年，穆里洛有很多学生和追随者，1660年，他在西班牙塞维利亚创立了贝拉斯艺术学院。直到19世纪，他是唯一在欧洲世界广为人知的西班牙艺术家，他的作品随后被模仿，确保了他在整个西班牙和欧洲的声誉。
Artist :Bartolome Esteban Murillo
Additional Name :Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
Born : Seville, Spain
Died : Seville, Spain
Nationality :Spanish
Art Movement :Baroque
Field :painting,drawing
One of the most popular artists of his time, Bartolome Esteban Murillo was a Spanish baroque painter, best known for his religious works, as well as realistic depictions of the everyday life of his times. His early work was influenced by the painters Zubaran, Jusepe de Ribera, and Alonzo Cano, who all held a realistic approach to painting, a technique which was adapted by Murillo. His work was characterized by both realism and tenebrism, or the contrast of light and shade, which he combined to make soft forms full of rich colors. His later works evolved into a polished style that fed the tastes of the Bourgeois and aristocrats of his day, and he received many commissions for them.
He also received many important commissions from the religious orders of the Franciscans and the confraternities in Seville and Andalusia. The themes that therefore gave him the greatest success were religious, being the Virgin and the Child and the Immaculate Conception.
In his lifetime, Murillo had a great number of pupils and followers, and in 1660, he founded the Academia de Bellas Artes in Seville, Spain. Until the 19th century, he was the only Spanish artist widely known in the European world, and his work was subsequently imitated, ensuring his fame throughout Spain and in Europe.
