让-弗朗索瓦·米勒(Jean-Francois Millet)
艺术家: 让-弗朗索瓦·米勒
生于: 1814年10月04日；格鲁希，法国
卒于: 1875年1月20日；法国巴比松
国籍: 法国
流派: 现实主义
领域: 绘画,雕塑
受影响: 奥诺雷·杜米埃,米开朗基罗,尼古拉斯·普桑
影响: Edward Mitchell Bannister,Andres de Santa Maria,文森特·梵高,克劳德·莫奈,乔治·修拉,萨尔瓦多·达利,Eugène Burnand,乔凡尼·塞冈提尼,Albin Egger-Lienz
朋友: 保罗·德拉罗什,康斯坦·特罗荣,Narcisse-Virgilio Diaz,Charles Jacque,西奥多·卢索,卡米耶·柯罗
机构: 美术学院，巴黎，法国
让·弗朗索瓦·米勒以其描绘农民的场景而闻名，他是法国巴比松学派的创始人，是一个浪漫主义艺术运动，也是一位自然主义现实主义画家。他小时候从乡村牧师那里学过拉丁语和主要文学作品，1833年搬到瑟堡学习绘画。他的第一个沙龙提交，在1839，但他的第二，肖像，被接受在1840。在巴黎沙龙接受了他的第一幅肖像画之后，他回到了瑟堡，开始了他的职业肖像画家。七年后，1847年，他第一次在沙龙取得真正的成功，当时他推出了他的裤子《扬声器》，一年后政府购买了它。然而，他的成功是短暂的。犹太人在以色列被囚禁在1848的沙龙，受到公众和评论家的鄙视。这幅画很快消失了，领导历史学家认为Millet毁了他自己的作品。尽管偶尔失败，米勒的声望在整个十九世纪六十年代还是增加了，他得到了许多委托，在1867年的宇宙博览会上，他主持了一场关于他的作品的大型展览。第二年，他被任命为国家荣誉军团的一名军官，并于1870年当选为巴黎沙龙的陪审团成员。Millet去世前的1875、三周，他在一次宗教仪式上娶了他的妻子。他们在1853举行了一个民事仪式。他死后，他让妻子和九个孩子一贫如洗，这刺激了套房所有权的创新，使得艺术家作品的一部分出售或转售给艺术家的继承人家庭。小米留下了影响文森特、克劳德·莫奈和修拉的遗产。他的生活和作品也激发了戏剧、诗歌，以及马克·吐温和萨尔瓦多·达利等艺术家的进一步艺术努力。
Artist :Jean-Francois Millet
Additional Name :Jean-François Millet
Born : Gruchy, France
Died : Barbizon, France
Nationality :French
Art Movement :Realism
Field :painting,sculpture
Influenced by :honore-daumier,michelangelo,nicolas-poussin
Influenced on :edward-mitchell-bannister,andres-de-santa-maria,vincent-van-gogh,claude-monet,georges-seurat,salvador-dali,eugene-burnand,giovanni-segantini,albin-egger-lienz
Friends and Co-workers :paul-delaroche,constant-troyon,narcisse-virgilio-diaz,charles-jacque,theodore-rousseau,camille-corot
Art institution :École des Beaux-Arts, Paris, France
Noted for his scenes of peasant farmers, Jean Francois Millet was a founder of the Barbizon School of France, a Romantic movement in art, and was a Naturalistic, Realist painter. He learned Latin and knowledge of the major works of literature from village priests as a child, and in 1833 moved to Cherbourg to study painting. His first Salon submission, in 1839, but his second, a portrait, was accepted in 1840. After his first portrait was accepted by the Paris Salon, he returned to Cherbourg, to begin his career as a professional portrait painter. His first real Salon success was seven years later, in 1847, when he presented his panting The Winnower, which was bought by the government a year later. His success was short lived, however. The Captivity of the Jews in Israel was presented to the Salon in 1848, and it was scorned by the public and critics. This painting quickly disappeared, leading historians to think Millet had destroyed his own work.
Occasional failure notwithstanding, Millet’s popularity grew throughout the 1860’s, and he received many commissions, hosting a major showing of his work in 1867 in the Exposition Universeille. The next year, he was named an officer of the National Legion of Honor, and in 1870 he was elected as a jury member at the Paris Salon.
In 1875, three weeks before his death, Millet married his wife in a religious ceremony. They had been married in a civil ceremony in 1853. After he died, he left his wife and nine children destitute, spurring the invention of the droit de suite innovation, which allowed a certain portion of the sale or resale of an artist’s work to go to the artist’s family of heirs.
Millet left a legacy that would influence Vincent van Gogh, Claude Monet, and Georges Seurat. His life and works also inspired plays, poems, and further artistic endeavors by artists such as Mark Twain and Salvador Dali.
