亨利·卢梭(Henri Rousseau)
艺术家: 亨利·卢梭
生于: 1844年5月21日；拉瓦尔，梅，法国
卒于: 1910年9月02日；法国巴黎
国籍: 法国
流派: 素人艺术（原始主义）
领域: 绘画
影响: 巴勃罗·毕加索,费尔南德·莱热,Jean Metzinger,马克斯·贝克曼,罗伯特·德劳奈,阿尔弗莱德·西斯莱,Surrealism
朋友: Constantin Brancusi
机构: 自学
作为一个自学成材的画家，Henri Rousseau完全没有受过任何艺术训练。他最出名的是他的239岁；原始的，孩童般的丛林场景。他小时候擅长绘画和音乐，但大部分时间都在城郊当海关官员。正因为如此，他还被称作“Le Douarneir”或“海关官员”。他在四十岁时就开始认真地画画，到了49岁时，为了全职画画，他退休了。虽然画界嘲笑和嘲笑他的艺术风格，但是他却受到画界以外的艺术家的高度评价，比如毕加索、让·雨果、莱格、贝克曼，以及后来的超现实主义画家。他没有意识到他被认为是没有受过训练的画家，他认为自己是一个伟大的现实主义画家。因此，他对自己评价很高，在他看来，毕加索和他是唯一活着的两位伟大的艺术家。
卢梭的绘画风格不同于其他任何原始画家，他的许多画都是丛林场景。虽然他从未去过丛林（实际上他从未离开过法国），但他的许多画都描绘了隐藏在阴影中的特大植物和野生动物。他多次参观植物园，阅读过图解的书籍，并仔细观察过驯化的动物。有一个故事，他去墨西哥，在亚热带地区作战，因为他在军队，但这个传说是不真实的。然而，他采访了那些在墨西哥丛林里服役的士兵，他们在亚热带地区旅行。他还发展了肖像山水的绘画风格，他将一个人或一对夫妇置于山水画的前景中。他一生中可能受到过嘲笑，但现在他被认为是一个自学成才的天才，他创作出了高艺术品质的作品。他的作品也对当代动画片《马达加斯加》的启示。
Artist :Henri Rousseau
Additional Name :Henri Julien Félix Rousseau (Le Douanier)
Born : Laval, Mayenne, France
Died : Paris, France
Nationality :French
Art Movement :Naïve Art (Primitivism)
Influenced on :pablo-picasso,fernand-leger,jean-metzinger,max-beckmann,robert-delaunay,alfred-sisley,artists-by-art-movement/surrealism
Friends and Co-workers :constantin-brancusi
Art institution :Self-taught
As a self-taught painter, Henri Rousseau was completely untrained in any established art techniques. He is best known for his naïve, or primitive, childlike jungle scenes. He was good at painting and music as a child, but spent most of his life in the profession of a customs officer at the outskirts of town. Because of this, he was also referred to as Le Douarneir, or the “Customs Officer.” He started painting seriously at the age of forty and by the time he was 49 he retired from his job in order to paint full time.
Although the painting establishment laughed and ridiculed his artistic style, he was highly regarded by artists who were outside the establishment, such as Picasso, Jean Hugo, Leger, Beckman, and later, painters of the Surrealist style. He was unaware that he was considered untrained by established painters, and believed himself to be a great realist painter. As such, he regarded himself very highly, and in his opinion, Picasso and he were the only two great living artists.Rousseau’s painting style was unlike that on any other primitive painter, and many of his paintings were jungle scenes. Although he had never been to a jungle (he actually never left France), many of his paintings depicted oversized plants and wild animals lurking in the shadows. He made many trips to the botanical gardens, perused illustrated books, and observed closely studied taxidermied animals. There is a tale that he traveled to Mexico and fought in the subtropics as he was in the army, but this legend is untrue. He did, however, interview may soldiers who had served in the jungle in Mexico about their travels through the subtropics.He also developed the painting style of portrait landscape, in which he would place a person or a couple in the foreground of a landscape painting. He may have been ridiculed during his lifetime, but he is now considered a self-trained genius, who created works of high artistic quality. His work has also been an inspiration for the contemporary animated film “Madagascar.”
