弗里达·卡洛简介

弗里达·卡洛(Frida Kahlo)

艺术家: 弗里达·卡洛

生于: 1907；科约阿坎区，墨西哥

卒于: 1954；科约阿坎区，墨西哥

国籍: 墨西哥

流派: 素人艺术（原始主义）,超现实主义

领域: 绘画

受影响: 阿米地奥·莫迪里阿尼,Diego Rivera,琼斯·克里门特·奥罗兹柯,David Alfaro Siqueiros,Surrealism

影响: Judy Chicago,Georgia O'Keeffe,Feminist Art

弗里达·卡洛是一位墨西哥画家，她以超现实主义的自画像而闻名，描绘了她强烈的情感和肉体痛苦。在墨西哥革命开始时，她才三岁，这一事实从她生命的最初就使她感到黯然失色，包括她母亲如何将她和她的三个妹妹赶进屋子，因为她家外面的街道上爆发了枪战。有时她母亲甚至会邀请饥饿的革命者进来吃饭。

Frida不是一个因疼痛或身体残疾而萎缩的陌生人。她六岁时患上了小儿麻痹症，这使得她的右腿比左腿瘦，她穿长裙来掩饰这一事实。1922岁时，她是预备学校的学生，她遭遇了一场可怕的车祸。一辆手推车与卡洛乘坐的公共汽车相撞，她受了重伤，包括脊柱骨折、锁骨骨折、肋骨骨折、骨盆骨折，她的右腿在十一个不同的地方骨折。她的右脚也被压扁和脱臼，肩膀也一样。巴士的铁栏杆也刺穿了她的腹部和子宫，留下了她余生的余生。当卡洛身着全身石膏时，她开始画画以消磨时间，减轻疼痛。她最终恢复到可以再走路的地步，但是剧烈的疼痛，一次在床上休息几个月，会折磨她一辈子。在她早期的绘画生涯中，她接近了著名的墨西哥壁画家迭戈·里维拉，为她的绘画提供建议。他不听她的劝告，这对夫妇很快就结婚了。卡洛和里韦拉的关系很混乱，他们都有脾气暴躁和婚外情。他们曾在1939离婚，但在1940重新结婚。里维拉和卡洛都是活跃的共产主义者，他们和里昂·托洛茨基成为朋友，卡洛也和他有婚外情，在逃离斯大林主义俄国后与他们住在一起。在她去世前一年，她的右腿因坏疽并发症被截肢，并且她患有支气管肺炎并发症。卡洛在她第四十七岁生日的一周后去世了。官方的死亡原因是肺栓塞，虽然没有进行尸检，有些人怀疑这是自杀药物过量。起初人们只记得她是迭戈·里维拉的妻子，但后来随着新墨西哥主义艺术运动的兴起，她的人气大增。她的遗产现在包括许多书籍、故事片，以及她的作品展览，这些作品被放在美国邮票和墨西哥货币上。

Artist :Frida Kahlo

Additional Name :Magdalena Carmen Frieda Kahlo y Calderón (de Rivera)

Born : Coyoacán, Mexico

Died : Coyoacán, Mexico

Nationality :Mexican

Art Movement :Naïve Art (Primitivism),Surrealism

Influenced by :amedeo-modigliani,diego-rivera,jose-clemente-orozco,david-alfaro-siqueiros,artists-by-art-movement/surrealism

Influenced on :judy-chicago,georgia-o-keeffe,artists-by-art-movement/feminist-art

Frida Kahlo was a Mexican painter best know for her surrealist self-portraits, depicting her intense emotional and physical pain. She was three years old at the onset of the Mexican Revolution, a fact which colored her from the very beginning of her life, including accounts of how her mother would rush her and her three sisters into the house because of outbreaks of gunfire in the streets outside her house. Sometimes her mother would even invite the hungry revolutionaries in for dinner.

Frida was not a stranger wither to pain or to physical disfigurement. She contracted polio at the age of six, which left her right leg thinner than her left, a fact which she disguised by wearing long skirts. When she was a student at the Preparatoria in 1922, she was in a terrible bus accident. A trolley collided with the bus that Kahlo was riding in, and she suffered sever injuries, including a broken spinal column, broken collarbone, broken ribs, broken pelvis, and her right leg was fractured in eleven different places. Her right foot was also crushed and dislocated, as was her shoulder. The bus’ iron handrail also pierced her abdomen and uterus, leaving her barren for the rest of her life.

As Kahlo was in a full body cast, she began painting to pass the time and ease her pain. She eventually recovered enough to walk again, but severe pain, keeping her in bed rest for months at a time, would plague her for the rest of her life. In her early painting career, she approached Diego Rivera, a renowned Mexican muralist, for advice on her paintings. He did more than gave her advice, and the couple was soon married. Kahlo and Rivera had a tumultuous relationship, both of them having hot tempers and extramarital affairs. They were once divorced in 1939, but remarried again in 1940. Rivera and Kahlo were both active communists, who befriended Leon Trotsky, with whom Kahlo also had an affair, and who came to live with them upon fleeing Stalinist Russia.

The year before her death, her right leg was amputated due to complications with gangrene, and she suffered complications from bronchopneumonia. Kahlo died one week after her 47th birthday. The official cause of death was a pulmonary embolism, although an autopsy was not performed, and some suspected it was a suicidal drug overdose. She was at first remembered only as Diego Rivera’s wife, but has since enjoyed a surge in popularity with the artistic movement of Neo-Mexicanismo. Her legacy now includes a number of books and feature films, and exhibitions of her works, which have been placed on United States postage stamps as well as Mexican currency.