费尔南德·莱热简介

费尔南德·莱热(Fernand Leger)

艺术家: 费尔南德·莱热

生于: 1881年2月04日；法国奥恩河阿让唐

卒于: 1955年8月17日；GIF伊薇特河畔，法国

国籍: 法国

流派: 立体主义

领域: 绘画,版画

受影响: 亨利·卢梭,保罗·塞尚,亨利·马蒂斯

影响: 罗伊·李奇登斯坦,James Rosenquist,Ellsworth Kelly,Frank Stella,Muralism,De Stijl (Neoplasticism),Pop Art,Constructivism,Constantin Brancusi

老师: 让·莱昂·热罗姆

朋友: 马克·夏加尔,皮特·蒙德里安,Le Corbusier,罗伯特·德劳奈,Constantin Brancusi,Roman Selsky,Alice Bailly

机构: 学院（法国巴黎美术学院，法国巴黎，耶鲁大学艺术学院（Yale University），纽黑文，CT，美国

弗尔南多·莱格尔被认为是波普艺术风格的先驱，他是法国画家、雕塑家和电影制作人，以自己的立体主义形式工作，并被改造成具象的风格。他最初是一名建筑师，1900在巴黎当过建筑设计师。1903年，在凡尔赛服役一段时间后，莱格尔在巴黎的装饰艺术学院注册，后来申请了美术学院，在那里他被拒绝了。尽管如此，他还是作为一名未注册的学生参加艺术课程，并在25岁时开始认真地做一名艺术家。1909年，他移居法国蒙巴纳斯，会见了利普希茨、夏加尔等先锋派运动领袖，后来成立了D'Or部，一批先锋派艺术家，最终创作了《独立沙龙》。第一次世界大战开始时，莱格尔作为法国军队的一个单位被调动，前往阿贡，在前线遭受芥子气袭击，差点把他杀死。在军队服役期间，他创作了许多关于炮兵、士兵同伴和飞机的素描，这导致了他后来的“机械时期”，在那个时期，他画了管状和机器状的图案。作为电影爱好者，莱热考虑离开绘画，追求电影创作。随着各种电影作品的摄制，他在1924导演并制作了一部独立电影《Ballet Mecanique》。在同一年，他建立了一个免费艺术学校，在那里他教了许多著名艺术家。他不仅是一位画家，还创作了很多作品，包括布景设计、书籍插图、壁画、彩色玻璃窗、马赛克和陶瓷雕塑。1931年，他被邀请到美国去装饰纽约市纳尔逊·洛克菲勒的公寓，在那里他爱上了严酷的城市景观。他在第二次世界大战期间生活在美国，1945战后回到法国，加入共产党。十年后他去世了。他是第一个把消费时代的产品作为绘画形式影响力来创作的画家，他被认为是现代波普艺术之父，他的画卖出了2200万美元。

Artist :Fernand Leger

Additional Name :Joseph Fernand Henri Léger

Born : Argentan, Orne, France

Died : Gif-sur-Yvette, France

Nationality :French

Art Movement :Cubism

Field :painting,printmaking

Influenced by :henri-rousseau,paul-cezanne,henri-matisse

Influenced on :roy-lichtenstein,james-rosenquist,ellsworth-kelly,frank-stella,artists-by-art-movement/muralism,artists-by-art-movement/de-stijl-neoplasticism,artists-by-art-movement/pop-art,artists-by-art-movement/constructivism,constantin-brancusi

Teachers :jean-leon-gerome

Friends and Co-workers :marc-chagall,piet-mondrian,le-corbusier,robert-delaunay,constantin-brancusi,roman-selsky,alice-bailly

Art institution :Académie Julian, Paris, France,École des Beaux-Arts, Paris, France,Yale School of Art (Yale University), New Haven, CT, US

Regarded as the forerunner of the up and coming Pop Art style, Fernand Leger was a French painter, sculptor and filmmaker, working in his own form of cubism, modified into a figurative style. He originally trained as an architect, and worked as an architectural draftsman in Paris in 1900. By 1903, after a brief stint in the Versailles military service, Leger enrolled at the School of Decorative Arts in Paris, and later applied to the School of Fine Arts, where he was rejected. Nevertheless, he attended art classes as an unenrolled student, and began working seriously as an artist at the age of 25.

In 1909, he moved to Montparnasse, France, and met such leaders of the avant-garde movement as Lipchitz and Chagall, and later formed the Section D’Or, a group of avant-garde artists, who eventually produced the Salon des Independants. At the onset of World War I, Leger became mobilized as a unit in the French army, traveling to Argonne, and suffering a mustard gas attack on the front lines, which almost killed him. During his stay in the army, he created many sketches of artillery, fellow soldiers, and airplanes, which led to his later “mechanical period,” in which he painted tubular and machine-like forms.

As a lover of the cinema, Leger contemplated leaving painting in order to pursue filmmaking. Along with various movie set deigns, he directed and produced an independent film, “Ballet Mecanique,” in 1924. In that same year, he established a free art school, where he taught many renowned artists. Not just a painter, his prolific works include set designs, book illustrations, murals, stained glass windows, mosaics, and ceramic sculptures. In 1931, he was invited to the United States to decorate the apartment of Nelson Rockefeller in New York City, where he fell in love with the harsh city landscape. He lived in the United States during World War II, returning to France after the war in 1945, and joining the communist party. He died ten years later.

The first painter to make the products of the consumer age a formative influence on his paintings, he is considered the father of modern Pop Art, and his paintings have sold for as much as $22 million.