埃尔·格列柯(El Greco)
艺术家: 埃尔·格列柯
生于: 1541；希腊克里特岛
卒于: 1614年4月07日；西班牙托雷多
国籍: 西班牙,希腊
流派: 矫饰主义（文艺复兴晚期）
领域: 绘画,雕塑,建筑学
受影响: Byzantine Art
影响: Expressionism,Cubism,欧仁·德拉克罗瓦,爱德华·马奈,Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider),保罗·塞尚,巴勃罗·毕加索,弗朗茨·马克,杰克逊·波洛克,Roberto Montenegro,琼斯·克里门特·奥罗兹柯,弗朗西斯科·巴切柯
老师: 提香·韦切利奥
朋友: Giulio Clovio
多梅尼科斯·希托科普洛斯，因其希腊文化遗产而被称为“埃尔·格雷科”，是西班牙文艺复兴时期颇受欢迎的希腊画家、雕塑家和建筑师。26岁时，他去了威尼斯，后来又去了罗马，在那里开了他的第一间工作室。与其他艺术家不同，埃尔·格雷科为了区别于当时的其他艺术家，改变了他的风格，对宗教题材作出了新的和不寻常的解释。他创造了敏捷，细长的数字，并包括一个充满活力的大气光。拉斐尔和米开朗基罗去世后，他决心留下自己的艺术印记，并提议为米开朗基罗的《最后的晚餐》画一幅《教皇庇护五世》。罗马的许多敌人，尤其是艺术评论家的敌对情绪。1577，El Greco移居托雷多，在那里创作了他大部分的成熟作品。虽然他在托莱多周围的教堂里完成了主要的委托工作，但他仍然不受国王的宠爱，因此没有得到他所希望的王室赞助。埃尔·格雷科把托莱多作为他的家，从维莱纳侯爵那里租了一系列公寓，包括三套公寓和24间房间。他花了很多时间学习、绘画和高雅地生活，经常在吃饭的时候雇用音乐家为他演奏。虽然他是个很有名望而且多产的画家，但是临近生命的尽头，他经历了经济困难，由于在伊利斯康星慈善医院的工作没有得到报酬而更加恶化。他因病突然去世，享年73岁。他死后，El Greco的作品在很大程度上被忽视了。他对题材和复杂的肖像画的不寻常的处理导致许多同时代的人诋毁他的作品。直到浪漫主义时期出现，他的作品才被新发现，引起了人们对这位艺术家作品的兴趣。他的作品后来影响了现实主义者、印象派画家、立体派画家和抽象画家，包括巴勃罗·鲁伊斯·毕加索和Edouard Manet。
Artist :El Greco
Additional Name :Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος (Doménikos Theotokópoulos)
Born : Crete, Greece
Died : Toledo, Spain
Nationality :Spanish,Greek
Art Movement :Mannerism (Late Renaissance)
Field :painting,sculpture,architecture
Influenced by :artists-by-art-movement/byzantine-art
Influenced on :artists-by-art-movement/expressionism,artists-by-art-movement/cubism,eugene-delacroix,edouard-manet,artists-by-painting-school/der-blaue-reiter-the-blue-rider,paul-cezanne,pablo-picasso,franz-marc,jackson-pollock,robert-montenegro,jose-clemente-orozco,francisco-pacheco
Teachers :titian
Friends and Co-workers :giulio-clovio
Domenikos Theotokopoulos, other wise known as “El Greco” due to his Greek heritage, was a popular Greek painter, sculptor, and architect of the Spanish Renaissance. He was a master of post-Byzantine art by the age of 26, when he traveled to Venice, and later Rome, where he opened his first workshop. Unlike other artists, El Greco altered his style in order to distinguish himself from other artists of the time, inventing new and unusual interpretations of religious subject matter. He created agile, elongated figures, and included a vibrant atmospheric light. After the death of Raphael and Michelangelo, he was determined to leave his own artistic mark, and offered to paint over Michelangelo’s Last Supper to Pope Pius V. His unconventional artistic beliefs (his dislike of Michelangelo included), along with his strong personality, led to the development of many enemies in Rome, especially the hostilities of art critics.
In 1577, El Greco Moved to Toledo, where he produced the majority of his mature works. Although he did complete major commissioned works in churches around Toledo, he remained out of favor with the king, and so did not receive the royal patronage he so desired. El Greco made Toledo his home, renting a series of apartments from the Marquis de Villena, which included three apartments and twenty-four rooms. He spent much of time studying, painting, and living in high style, often employing musicians to play for him while he dined.
Although he was a much renowned and prolific painter, near the end of his life he experienced economic difficulties, exacerbated by non-payment for his work for the Hospital of Charities at Illescas. He met his end at the age of 73, due to a sudden illness. After his death, El Greco’s works were largely ignored. His unusual treatment of subject matter and complex iconography led many contemporaries to discredit his works. It was not until the emergence of the Romantic period that his works were newly discovered, sparking a revival of interest in the artist’s works. His works later influenced realist, impressionist, cubist, and abstract painters, including Pablo Picasso and Edouard Manet.
