杰克逊·波洛克(Jackson Pollock)
艺术家: 杰克逊·波洛克
生于: 1912年1月28日；怀俄明州，美国
卒于: 1956年8月11日；Springs，纽约，美国
国籍: 美国
流派: 抽象表现主义
领域: 绘画
受影响: 埃尔·格列柯,巴勃罗·毕加索,保罗·塞尚,托马斯·哈特·本顿,琼斯·克里门特·奥罗兹柯,约安·米罗,Chaim Soutine,David Alfaro Siqueiros,萨尔瓦多·达利,Yves Tanguy,Native Art,Regionalism,Surrealism
影响: Helen Frankenthaler,Cy Twombly,Morris Louis,Lee Krasner,Robert Morris,Kenneth Noland,Franz Kline,Gerhard Richter
朋友: Lee Krasner,Robert Motherwell,Mark Rothko,威廉·德·库宁,Barnett Newman,Philip Guston,Ad Reinhardt
机构: 艺术学生联盟（纽约，纽约市，纽约，美国
杰克逊·波洛克被誉为“当代最伟大的画家”，是20世纪美国主要的抽象表现主义画家。波洛克在校期间被两所高中开除了，第二所是洛杉矶手工艺学校，在那里他被鼓励去追求他对艺术的兴趣。1930年，他移居纽约学习艺术，并在WPA联邦艺术项目（新政项目）下找到了一份工作，这个项目使他能够以绘画为生。当波洛克在职业和社会上获得成功时，他与酗酒成瘾和复发的抑郁症作斗争。他的两个兄弟向约瑟夫·亨德森博士建议了荣格心理疗法，他鼓励波洛克在艺术上努力作为治疗的一部分。虽然心理治疗没有治愈他的酗酒，但它确实使他接触到荣格的概念，他在当时的绘画中表达的。1945年，波洛克和妻子、美国画家李·克拉斯纳搬到了纽约的斯普林斯，在那里度过余生。在房子后面的谷仓里，波洛克把谷仓改造成了他的画室，利用他所谓的“滴水”技术，发展了一种全新的绘画技术。波洛克用硬化的刷子、木棍、火鸡皮和家用搪瓷漆喷水、泼水，然后把油漆滴到铺在画室地板上的画布上。1956，《时代》杂志引用了波洛克的名字“滴灌”，引用了他独特的动作风格绘画。最近艺术史学家和科学家的研究已经确定，波洛克的一些作品显示出数学分形的特征，断言在他的整个职业生涯中，他的作品变得更加分形。在波洛克后期的绘画作品中，他把所有作品的标题都缩小为数字，以便减少观众试图识别他绘画中的任何表现元素。受越来越多的艺术收藏家的声望和需求的压力，Pollock的酗酒恶化了。1956年8月，在酒后驾车时，他遭遇了一起单车事故，并导致自己和一名乘客死亡。Pollock的遗赠被遗孀Lee Krasner所担保，遗孀在他死后管理了他的遗产。他的遗产包括一些社会媒体的参考资料，包括歌曲、诗歌、书籍和纪录片，以及由艾德·哈里斯导演和主演的电影《人物传记》Pollock。
Artist :Jackson Pollock
Additional Name :Paul Jackson Pollock
Born : Cody, Wyoming, United States
Died : Springs, New York, United States
Nationality :American
Art Movement :Abstract Expressionism
Influenced by :el-greco,pablo-picasso,paul-cezanne,thomas-hart-benton,jose-clemente-orozco,joan-miro,chaim-soutine,david-alfaro-siqueiros,salvador-dali,yves-tanguy,artists-by-art-movement/native-art,artists-by-art-movement/regionalism,artists-by-art-movement/surrealism
Influenced on :helen-frankenthaler,cy-twombly,morris-louis,lee-krasner,robert-morris,kenneth-noland,franz-kline,gerhard-richter
Friends and Co-workers :lee-krasner,robert-motherwell,mark-rothko,willem-de-kooning,barnett-newman,philip-guston,ad-reinhardt
Art institution :Art Students League of New York, New York City, NY, US
Deemed the “greatest painter alive” during his lifetime, Jackson Pollock was an American painter who was a major artist abstract expressionist art in the 20th century. Pollock was expelled from two high schools during his formative years, the second one being Los Angeles Manual Arts School, where he was encouraged to pursue his interest in art. In 1930, he moved to New York to study art, and secured a job under the WPA Federal Art Project, a New Deal project, which allowed him to earn a living from his painting.
As he was gaining professional and social success, Pollock fought the addiction of alcoholism and recurring bouts of depression. Two of his brothers suggested Jungian psychotherapy, with Dr. Joseph Henderson, who encouraged Pollock in his artistic endeavors as part of his therapy. Although the psychotherapy did not cure his drinking, it did expose him to Jungian concepts, which he expressed in his paintings at the time. In 1945, Pollock moved with his wife and American painter Lee Krasner to Springs, New York, where he would remain the rest of his life. In the barn behind the house, which he converted to his studio, Pollock developed a new and completely novel technique of painting using what he called his “drip” technique. Using hardened brushes, sticks, and turkey basters, and household enamel paints, Pollock squirted, splashed, and dripped his paint onto canvas rolled out over his studio floor. In 1956, Time magazine gave Pollock the name “Jack the Dripper,” referencing his unique style of action painting.
Recent studies by art historians and scientists have determined that some of Pollock’s work display properties of mathematical fractals, asserting that his works became more fractal-like throughout his career. In his later paintings, Pollock reduced the titles of all of his paintings to numbers, in order to reduce the viewers attempt to indentify any representational element in his paintings. Pressured by his growing fame and demand from art collectors, Pollock’s alcoholism worsened. In August of 1956, while driving under the influence of alcohol, he was involved in a single–car accident, killing himself and one of his passengers. Pollock’s legacy was secured by his widow, Lee Krasner, who managed his estate after his death. His legacy includes a number of references in social media, including songs, poems, books, and documentaries, and the feature film biopic Pollock, directed by and starring Ed Harris.
