卡拉瓦乔(Caravaggio)
艺术家: 卡拉瓦乔
生于: 1571年9月29日；意大利米兰
卒于: 1610年7月18日；意大利波尔图埃尔科
国籍: 意大利
流派: 巴洛克
领域: 绘画
受影响: 乔尔乔内,提香·韦切利奥
影响: 古斯塔夫·库尔贝,阿尔泰米西亚·真蒂莱斯基,迭戈·德·席尔瓦·委拉斯开兹,亨德里克·特布鲁根,彼得·保罗·鲁本斯,约翰尼斯·维米尔,乔治·德·拉·图尔,胡塞佩·德·里贝拉,伦勃朗,欧仁·德拉克罗瓦,爱德华·马奈,Jacob Jordaens,Francisco de Zurbaran,雅克-路易·大卫,莫兰迪,Caravaggisti
卡拉瓦乔是意大利画大师，巴洛克风格之父，他过着喧嚣的生活，他的战斗和争吵使他的生活中断。作为一个孩子和艺术学生，他在米兰接受一位老师的培训，这位老师曾由伟大的意大利画家提香亲自执教，并让他接触到达芬奇和伦巴德艺术家的伟大作品。他在1592年搬到罗马，在一些争吵导致警察受伤之后。当时罗马正处于扩张时期，许多正在修建的教堂和宫殿都需要绘画来装饰墙壁。卡拉瓦乔在反宗教改革时期也移居罗马，罗马天主教会试图阻止新教的兴起，并委托许多工作来提高教会的社会地位。他来到罗马时又饿又穷，立即开始为罗马教皇最喜欢的画家朱塞佩·塞萨里工作，整个16世纪末，他作为一名伟大的画家的名声越来越大。他1599岁的时候，他被委派去画罗马的康塔利教堂，这是1600完成的。之后，他开始接受许多佣金，包括公共和私人。他的一些作品在题材（他那令人无法接受的粗俗写实风格）和模特（他最喜爱的《圣母玛利亚》中的模特之一是妓女）上有争议，他的一些作品还被重新粉刷或修复。其他人全部归还，但卡拉瓦乔总是有一个公众愿意抢夺他所画的任何画。作为街头斗殴者，他的警察记录和法庭诉讼充满了许多篇幅。1606，他在一次街头搏斗中杀死了一个年轻人，逃到了Naples，在那里他受到Colonna家族的保护。1608，他在Naples被捕并在监狱里再次被殴打，但他成功逃脱了。在逃离法律的途中，他经过了米兰、锡拉丘兹、西西里、巴勒莫、马耳他和梅西纳，不断接受佣金。他回到那不勒斯与科隆纳一家住在一起，并寻求教皇的赦免。1606年，有人企图暗杀他的生命，使他的脸永久毁容。1610年夏天，他乘船从那不勒斯到罗马，连同三幅画作为和平祭品，寻求教皇的赦免。他从未到达目的地，一路神秘地死去。虽然他的艺术技巧是巴洛克风格的产物，但他死后很快就被遗忘了。直到1920世纪，他的作品才开始被完全接受和欣赏。
Artist :Caravaggio
Additional Name :Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio
Born : Milan, Italy
Died : Porto Ercole, Italy
Nationality :Italian
Art Movement :Baroque
Influenced by :giorgione,titian
Influenced on :gustave-courbet,artemisia-gentileschi,diego-velazquez,hendrick-terbrugghen,peter-paul-rubens,johannes-vermeer,georges-de-la-tour,jusepe-de-ribera,rembrandt,eugene-delacroix,edouard-manet,jacob-jordaens,francisco-de-zurbaran,jacques-louis-david,giorgio-morandi,artists-by-painting-school/caravaggisti
Caravaggio was a master Italian painter, father of the Baroque style, who led a tumultuous life that was cut short his by his fighting and brawling. As a child and art student, he trained in Milan under a teacher who had been taught by the great Italian painter Titian himself, and who exposed him to the great works of Leonardo de Vinci and the Lombard artists. He moved to Rome in 1592, after certain quarrels resulted in the wounding of a police officer. Rome at the time was in a period if great expansion, and the many churches and palaces being built were all in need of paintings to decorate the walls. Caravaggio also moved to Rome during the Counter-Reformation, in which the Roman Catholic Church tried to stem the rising tide of Protestantism, and was commissioning many works to elevate the social status of the Church.
He arrived in Rome starving and destitute, and immediately began working for Giuseppe Cesari, the favorite painter of the Pope, and throughout the end of the 16th century his reputation as a great painter grew. His big break came in 1599, when he was commissioned to paint the Contarelli Chapel in Rome, which was finished in 1600. after which he began receiving many commissions, both public and private. Some of his works, being controversial in subject matter (his unacceptably vulgar realistic style) and models (one of his favorite models for the Virgin Mary was a prostitute), and some of his works were returned to be painted over or fixed. Others were returned entirely, but Caravaggio always had a public willing to snatch up any painting he produced.
As a street brawler, his police records and court proceedings fill many pages. In 1606, he killed a young man in a street fight and fled to Naples, where he was protected by the Colonna family. In 1608, he was arrested and put in jail for another brawl in Naples, but he managed to escape. In his flight from the law, he traveled through Milan, Syracuse, Sicily, Palermo, Malta, and Messina, continually receiving commissions. He returned to Naples to live with the Colonna family and seek a pardon from the Pope, and in 1606, an assassination attempt was made of his life, leaving his face permanently disfigured.
In the summer of 1610, he took a boat from Naples to Rome, along with three paintings as an offering of peace, seeking a pardon from the Pope. He never arrived at his destination, having mysteriously died along the way. Although his artistic technique fathered the Baroque style, he was quickly forgotten after his death. It was not until the 1920’s that his body of work began to be fully received and appreciated.
